The construction of dams in Connecticut began with the arrival of the first colonial settlers in the 1630's. Soon, mill dams facilitated economic development and production of grain, cotton and wood in Connecticut's early history. As the state's economy evolved, dams were used for manufacturing, water supply, mechanical power and for fire protection. Today they continue to play a vital role in the productivity of the state. One of the oldest continuously running sawmills in the United States is located on the Silvermine River near Norwalk and has been in operation since 1688.

Since dams have been an important part of our state's infrastructure, Connecticut has exercised the regulatory oversight of dams and reservoirs beginning in 1878. In addition to the historic economic benefits provided by Connecticut's dams, they are also used for flood control, water supply, recreation and for mitigating the impact of increased runoff typically caused by land use changes associated with property development.