Legends Of Pirate Gold

From Stonington (Lambert's Cove) to Milford (Charles Island) - and a score of shoreline sites between - they have searched with spade and pick, following the dream. Along the Connecticut River, too, they have gouged and plumbed the storied spots from Old Lyme (Lion's Rock) to Windsor (Clark's Island), caught in the spell of the old stories handed down from generation to generation. What force has sent so many forth with tools in hand and spines a tingle to probe the margins of Connecticut's tidal waters? What else but the lure of buried treasure, the legacy of the legend of Capt. William Kidd and his fabulous pirate hoard.

Never mind that their labors have not been in tune with history, for tradition ever scoffs at historical fact and often transcends the limits of common sense. For the record has proved time and again that despite his reputation, the redoubtable Kidd accumulated little booty from the time he began his buccaneering in New York harbor around 1698 until he was captured and permanently put out of business in the summer of 1699. Moreover, such treasure as Kidd did have -- twenty four chests full of it -- was all brought ashore on Gardiner's Island, off eastern Long Island, carefully inventoried and, with the permission of John Gardiner, feudal lord of the island, buried in a swamp there. Gardiner's itemized receipt to Kidd, dated July 17, 1699, listed precisely 1371.625 ounces (85.73 pounds) of gold, silver and precious stones.

Before he sailed off, never to be seen again, Kidd warned Gardiner that if he ever revealed the burial site, he would "answer with his head." However, that proved an idle threat, for Capt. Kidd was captured soon after leaving Gardiner's Island; and from the time of his arrest until he was hanged in London in 1701, he was always in safe custody. Meanwhile, the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony sent messengers to Lord Gardiner, claiming Kidd's treasure for the state. Once Gardiner was convinced that Kidd was secure in a Boston prison and could not come for his head, he reluctantly showed the colony's officials the spot where the chests were buried. All of the treasure was then dug up and returned to Boston. Wrote John G. Gardiner, over a hundred years later, "There has been much digging here upon this island for Kidd's money, even within half a dozen years, all along the coast. But I think it doubtful whether there was ever any buried except that which was buried here [i.e., on Gardiner's Island]."

Despite the testimony of the Gardiner family and the records of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the dream of pirate gold has never died along the Connecticut shore. And in a way, there is more reason to believe the old tales of buried treasure here than in the rest of New England, for Capt. Kidd and other less noted buccaneers did, in fact, cruise Long Island Sound. And if they chose to secrete any ill-gotten goods, what better places could be found than the coves or islands of Nutmegian waters? And so the old legends persist at Milford, where town records say Capt. Kidd visited on at least two occasions, once striding boldly through the coastal town, tipping his hat in courtly fashion to the ladies who came to gape. Some say that he later wrote a letter to one lovely Milford maiden, while others claim that he made the mistake of leaving part of a treasure map with a local woman named Ann Smith, who betrayed him to the authorities.

Most of the Kidd-talk in Milford, though, has insisted for years that the fabled pirate buried treasure on Charles Island, perhaps under a huge boulder called Hog Rock. So many have searched in vain for the storied swag on Charles Island that its surface has been turned into a many-pitted wasteland, where no vegetation grows. Still, the dreamers dig on, paying no heed to the well-known story of the two treasure hunters who once uncovered an ironclad chest on Charles, only to abandon it in terror when they saw a shrilly whistling, headless body, wrapped in a flaming sheet, plunge toward them from the heavens as they lifted the box from its hiding place. Feeling the next day that they must have been out in the sun too long, the treasure-seekers returned to the site of the discovery, only to find no sign of the chest, the burial hole or the shovels they had abandoned in their flight. Some legends maintain that the spirits of Paugasset Indians, who once used Charles Island as a summer resort, beheaded the pirates for desecrating their land and made invisible any treasure buried there.

Way up-river in Windsor, too, the traditions live, swirling about Clark's Island, where once Kidd's sloop San Antonio was anchored, while her skipper and crew came ashore with a huge chest, bulging with gold. Those who tell the story say that the moon was dark and fog hung low over the Connecticut River as the shadowy figures went to work preparing a hole for their precious hoard. Once the treasure was safely deposited, the pirates were seen gathering around their captain, to draw lots to determine which of their number would stay behind permanently to guard the site. The man who drew the short straw was promptly shot and killed, his body was lowered onto the sunken chest and both were covered with six feet of earth. Tradition says that the murdered pirate's protective shade guards Kidd's treasure yet. No one has ever found it, anyway.

Over the years, reports have circulated among those who live along the Connecticut River -- and near the mid-section of the Connecticut shore -- that on dark and foggy nights they have seen a great ship pass by, flying the pirates' skull-and-crossbones emblem. Since popular belief holds that ghosts of those who have stolen money during their lifetimes but have not returned it must forever wander the earth at night, they say the phantom ship is the San Antonio, with Capt. Kidd at the helm, searching for lost and nearly forgotten treasure troves. Find the booty, the believers say, and Kidd can "pass over" in peace.

If such be the case, his ghost will surely stop at old Wethersfield landing, where searchers after his casks of gold have been frustrated for years by horrible noises and once, according to a terrified digger, by the ghost of a sailor killed with a water bucket wielded by Kidd in a fit of anger. He may also drop a spectral anchor at Haddam Neck, where legend says that his men buried two chests in a hill, under an overhanging ledge, west of Clarkhurst Road. And while he is in the neighborhood, perhaps Kidd's shade will visit Haddam and Lord's Islands, where, according to the old tales, rich chests were buried long ago.

Then, on to Branford's Thimble Islands the spectral ship will sail; Kidd's ghost will find on Money Island that his precious gold is still there. And so it remains, too, under the great rocks on Coburn's Island in Clinton, near Hammonassett Beach. But when he reaches Pilot Island off Norwalk, the old pirate's ghost may be disappointed. For after the Civil War, it is said, Captain Joseph Merrill dug up a hoard of Spanish coins, after he had three dreams revealing the exact location of the treasure. As recently as the 1930s, a few old-timers in Norwalk could still recall childhood memories of Merrill, telling the story of his find and even showing them some gold doubloons.

If the Norwalk cache was really Kidd's -- who knows who hid it there? - it would be, in fact, the only one ever found since old John Gardiner gave over those twenty-four casks to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Thus, the ghostly pirate ship must sail on in its endless guest, while along the shores of Connecticut waters the legends still whisper to the adventurous to take up their shovels and follow the gleaming lure.

Over the years a legend grew up around the treasure - the gold could be dug up only by three people at midnight when the full moon was directly overhead. They must form a triangle around the exact spot and work in absolute silence, words would break the charm!

Blackbeard

But wait! No survey of Connecticut pirate treasure legends can be complete without recounting the tale of what might have been the richest buried treasure ever recovered in the Nutmeg State. Given all that digging along the shores and all the speculation about Capt. Kidd, it is both strange and ironic that the discovery was made more than thirty miles inland from the nearest tidal waters, and had nothing to do with the ubiquitous Kidd. For this is the legend of Blackbeard's booty, buried in a granite-walled excavation in Hampton, and discovered -- or was it? -- less than sixty years ago.

Before he died in the fall of 1939, a man named Cady owned a property in the Howard's Valley section of Hampton long known as the Jewett homestead. In his final days, Cady was fond of telling the tale of a stranger who came to his house one evening in 1938. Although Cady lived alone and was somewhat wary of strangers, there was something about his visitor that inspired trust, the homeowner said, and so he asked him in. The stranger, who gave his name as Barney Reynolds, proceeded to tell Cady a remarkable story. Reynolds was, he said, a direct descendant of the notorious Capt. Edward Teach, known wherever sailors spun their yarns as "Blackbeard," the meanest, most ruthless pirate who ever sailed the Spanish main. Cady's visitor said that he had recently inherited a treasure map, handed down from Blackbeard himself, which unquestionably placed a buried hoard somewhere on Cady's property.

When Reynolds spread the yellowed map upon the Hampton man's dining room table, Cady said he could scarcely believe his eyes as the stranger showed him landmarks etched on the parchment which pointed to the exact location of the buried treasure: in the dooryard of a house, a stone shaped like a horse's head; following a line southeast-by-south across the road, a boulder, perhaps chipped purposely, resembling a dog's head, pointing south; and, across a small brook, on a line bearing right, a fish's head, the eye, realistically placed on the low stone, looking directly at the treasure pit, just twenty paces due south. Cady's heart beat faster, he said, for he immediately recognized them all! They were, indeed, on his land.

Reynolds then proposed a deal. If Cady would provide him with the proper digging tools and promise not to bother him until he had excavated the site where Blackbeard's treasure was buried, he would split the hoard with the landowner, fifty-fifty. Cady agreed, and the following morning Reynolds tramped off across Cady's land, headed for the boulder with the fish's eye. Two days passed, the Hampton man said, and he began to wonder how Reynolds was doing. After a third and then a fourth day went by with no word from Blackbeard's relative, Cady's curiosity got the better of him. Even if it meant giving up his share of the booty, he had to find Reynolds and check his progress.

Quickly he followed the trail marked on the old map, until he reached the place where he knew Reynolds was working. But when he got there, an astonishing sight met his eyes. There was a pit fully eight feet deep and about five feet square, the walls lined with large slabs of smooth granite too perfectly placed to have been naturally formed. Over the pit lay timbers rigged in such a way as to hoist a flat capstone which topped the vault and lay on the ground nearby. All around the in-ground vault Cady's tools were scattered, as if dropped in haste. There was even a pair of muddy boots at the bottom of the hole. But most alarming of all, Cady recalled, there was no sign of Reynolds. And, indeed, the owner of Blackbeard's map was never seen again. "No one ever knew whether he found the treasure or where he went," Cady said.

Why were pirates so far inland? And what was Blackbeard doing in Hampton? Cady had a theory. Between 1713 and 1718, Capt. Teach was known to have pirated West Indian shipping. He may well have anchored off New London, unloaded his portable booty and made his way northward over the old Nipmuck Indian trail, either to reach Boston by way of an overland route, or more likely, to evade pursuers. Near the "Canada settlement" in Hampton, Cady theorized, the pirate party crossed easterly to reach the North and South Road, later the King's Highway, which, in turn, led to the Connecticut Path to Boston. Or, if he were so inclined, he could have doubled back to New London by the east route, originally the old Tatnick Trail, from Worcester to Norwich. The Cady home was just off the Nipmuck Trail, near a place where many paths intersected. Thus, Blackbeard, wishing to lighten his load before heading for Boston or back to New London, designed the elaborate burial pit, made the map and buried his treasure. And there it lay, Cady thought, until Reynolds took it away. But, then, like everything else connected with pirate gold, this is only the way the story goes

The Key Pirates

Captain William Kidd

Who was Captain Kidd, where did he get this chest of gold and why was he trying to bury it on an island in the Connecticut River? To answer some of these questions, we must go back to the Age of Piracy.

Captain William Kidd, a Scotsman who later lived and married in America, was born in the mid-seventeenth century, went to sea in his youth, and was given a contract as a privateer to harry the French in 1695. "It was William Kidd's misfortune to sail the seas as a privateer / pirate just when the rules changed and the privateer / pirate became an outlaw..."

Captain William Kidd was hanged on May 23, 1701, but not easily. The first rope put around this neck broke so he had to be strung up a second time. Captain Kidd would never sail again, but a legend grew up around his treasure.

Kidd's Island

Blackbeard

Edward Teach or Edward Thatch (c. 1680 – November 22, 1718), better known as Blackbeard, was a notorious English pirate who operated around the West Indies and the eastern coast of the American colonies during the early 1700s.

Teach was most likely born in Bristol, England. Little is known about his early life, but in 1716 he joined the crew of Benjamin Hornigold, a pirate who operated from the Caribbean island of New Providence. He quickly gained his own ship, Queen Anne's Revenge, and from 1717 to 1718 became a notorious and feared pirate. His nick name was derived from his thick black beard and fearsome appearance; he was reported to have tied lit fuses under his hat to frighten his enemies.

After years of pirating, Lieutenant Maynard under the direction of the British Court of Vice-Admiralty was sent to capture Teach.

Lieutenant Maynard  finally caught up with Blackbeard and his men at Ocracoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina.